太阳能发电高温相变储能材料热物性强化的研究

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中图分类号： TQ174.75+4 文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-5922（2026)03-0763-04

Study on thermal property enhancement of high-temperature phase change energy storage materials for solar power generation

WU Zhenshuang (Energy Research and Demonstration Center of Xizang Autonomous Region,Key Laboratory of Solar Photovoltaic and Thermal Utilization of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 85o015,China)

Abstract:Solar thermal power generation systems impose extremely stringent requirements on phase change materials (PCMs）,which not only need to possess phase change characteristics in a wide temperature range of 300～800 （20 C but also maintain high thermal stabilityand excellent thermal properties.This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress in thermal property enhancement of high-temperature PCMs for solar thermal power generation systems.Firstly,itelaborates onthe characteristicsof inorganicsalt,metal aloyandceramic-based PCMs,and then analyzes the mechanisms of thermal property enhancement technologies such as porous matrix compounding,thermally conductive reinforcement phase compounding,microencapsulation and interface modification. Research results showthat the synergistic enhancement strategy of nanocarbon materialsandmetal foamcan effctively improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs;microencapsulation technology inhibits phase separation；and interfacebonding enhancement improves the compatibility between materials and containers.This paper discusses the problems such as high-temperature stability,cycle lifeandsystem integrationof materials,and pointsoutthat multifunctionalcomposite PCMs and intelligent interface design arethe future development directions,which provide theoretical support for efficient energy storage of solar thermal power generation.

Key words:solar thermal power generation;high temperature phase change energy storage materials;thermal property enhancement

当前商业化系统多采用熔融硝酸盐作为储热介质，但其相变温度低、热导率差限制了系统效率提升，碳酸盐、氯化物、金属合金等新型高温相变材料具有较高相变温度和潜热值，然而普遍存在热导率低、相分离严重和容器材料相容性差等问题，故如何强化高温相变储能材料热物性，提高其导热性能、循环稳定性，成为太阳能光热转换领域关键科学问题。（剩余7439字）