新能源汽车电池热失控火灾原因分析与防控技术研究

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中图分类号：TQ152；TM912 文献标志码：A 文章编号:1001-5922(2026)03-0669-04

Study on the cause analysis and prevention-control technology of thermal runaway fire in new energy vehicle batteries

GONG Chengjin (Taishan City Tsaiwan Province Fire Rescue Team,Taian 271Ooo,Shandong China）

Abstract:Withthe rapid development ofthe new energy vehicle industry,the safetyof power bateries has become a key issue restricting the sustainable development of the industry.As the most serious failure mode of battry systems,thermal runaway is the main factor leading to electric vehicle fireaccidents.Basedon this,starting from the essence of materials science,this study deeply analyzes thechain reaction mechanismof thermal runaway in lithiumion bateries,and systematicaly explains the behavior mechanism of key components such as positive and negative electrode materials and electrolytes during the thermal runaway process.The study analyzes the interaction rules between latice oxygen evolution of high-nickel cathodematerials,SEIfilm decomposition of silicon-basedanode materials,andcombustionreactionsoforganic electrolytes,and clarifies the thermal runawaycharacteristic parametersof bateries with diferent material systems.Based onthe above mechanism analysis,a complete preventionand control system is proposed,providing a systematic solution for the preventionand control of power batery safety accidents.

Key words:power battery;thermal runaway;material failure;fire mechanism;preventionand control strategies;new energy vehicle

新能源汽车作为应对能源危机的关键路径，已经在全球范围内形成迅猛发展态势。（剩余7251字）