食用菌中农药残留与重金属联合检验方法建立及风险评估

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中图分类号：S481.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-0270（2025）36-0102-03

Abstract： To addressthe low eficiencyand high cost of separate detection of pesticide residues and heavy metals inedible fungi，anefficientcombineddetection method is establishedandarisk assessment isconducted.Taking 6 common edible fungi as research objects， pesticide residues are detected using a modified QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method，while heavy metalsare analyzed via microwave digestion-ICP-MS，with matrix effects correctedbymatrixmatched standard curves. Method validation showed that the correlation coefficients （ R2 ）of 20 pesticide residues and 4 heavy metals （Pb， Cd， Hg， As） are all ⩾0.9990 ， with spiked recoveries ranging from 72.3% to 115.6%， relative standard deviations （SRSD）⩽5.8% ， and limits of detection （LOD） of 0.001～0.010 mg/kg （pesticides） and 0.000 1～0.001 mg/kg （heavy metals）， which are in compliance with GB 2763—2021and GB 2762—2022. Detection of 120 samples reveals that 15% had excessive pesticide residues and 8.3% had excessive cadmium （Cd）. Risk assessment indicates that theTarget HazardQuotient （THQ）ofchildren （1.23～1.56）is significantly higherthanthatof adults （0.45～0.68），and potential carcinogenic risk （CR =1.2×10-6 is found in Agaricus blazei Murrillfrom some producing areas. This method is eficient and reliable，providing technicalsupportforthe qualitysupervisionand safetycontrolofediblefungi industry. Key Words： edible fungi; pesticide residues; heavy metals; combined detection; risk assessment

人体造成危害。（剩余4322字）