食品农产品检验检测机构外部质量控制方法及结果评价

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Abstract： Ensuring food safetyand safeguarding public health are statutory responsibilities of governments at all levels. Food and agricultural product inspection and testing institutions， which provide technical support services for government regulatoryauthorities，must adopt effectivequality control measures to ensure theaccuracy andreliability of their testing data.While internal quality control is implemented，external quality control serves as a critical supplementary approach.This paper analyzes the concepts，characteristics，and applicable scopes of three common external quality control methods employed during inspection and testing proces： inter-laboratory comparisons， proficiecy testing，and measurement audit.It further introduces the application conditions，calculation formulas，and evaluationcriteriaforthecommonlyused statistical evaluation methods：the Z-score，En-number，critical diference （CD） ，and reproducibility limit （R） ）approaches. Additionally， it proposes recommendations for utilizing external quality controlresults，includingroot cause analysis，risk control，implementation ofcorrective ations，and follow-up verification，aiming to provide referencesand guidance for inspection and testing institutions in implementingquality control practices.

Keywords： inspection and testing; external quality control; inter-laboratory comparison; proficiency testing; measurementaudit

0引言

食品农产品检验检测机构对检验检测结果的质量控制分为内部质量控制和外部质量控制两大类。（剩余4762字）