陕西方言词“咥”的语义特征与用法演变研究

中图分类号:H03;H13

DOI:10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2026.01.046

Semantic Features and Usage Evolution of the Shaanxi Dialect Word “Die(咥)”//MA Guoyuxin

Abstract: This article investigates the distinctive Shaanxi-dialect lexeme “咥（dié）” through the combined lenses of lexical semantics, grammaticalization theory, and sociolinguistics. Diachronic and synchronic data reveal that “咥” has evolved from its Old-Chinese meanings “to bite, gnaw” and “to laugh heartily” into a modern Guanzhong-dialect polysemy centered on eating and drinking. Concurrently, the lexeme shows a pronounced tendency toward semantic bleaching and functional expansion: its concrete verbal sense has given rise to subjective quantification, modal intensification, and interactive pragmatic uses. This evolution is deeply embedded in the region’s farming culture, culinary traditions, and local ethos, preserving historical lexical genes while innovating under contact-induced pressures. By mapping the semantic layers, collocational ranges, and grammaticalization pathways of “咥,” the study uncovers the dynamic interplay between historical inheritance and real-time communication in dialectal lexicons, offering a model case for research on Chinese dialectal semantic change.

Keywords: Shaanxi dialect; “咥”; semantic features; grammaticalization; subjectification; regional culture

0 引言

陕西方言作为中原官话的重要分支,承载着周秦汉唐以来的语言文化积淀,其中“咥”(dié)一词以其独特的语义张力与使用活力,成为学界关注的方言特征词。（剩余4281字）