新能源汽车锂电池寿命影响因素及延长策略探究

中图分类号：U469.72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-8639（2026）02-0020-03

Study on Influencing Factors Extension Strategies of Lithium BatteryLife in New Energy Vehicles

【Abstract】The service lifeattenuation oflithiumbatteries for new energy vehicles is highly correlated with the materialstructure，interfacialstability，thermodynamic environment，operating conditions.Itsperformanceretention capabilitydirectlyafects the vehiclerange，safety，fullifecyclecost.Focusingonthe key technical chainssuchas electrode force-chemicalatenuation，lithiumplating sidereactionexpansion，thermal fieldgradientstress，interfaceaging caused by excesive voltage，cyclicloss causedby high-rate fastcharging，thispaper establishes asystematicanalysis framework forthe life-impact mechanisms.Onthis basis，engineering solutionsforlife extension areproposed from five aspects： electrode structureenhancement，interfaceregulation，thermalcontrol equilirium，voltage window management， dynamiccharging control.This provides anoperable technical path forthesafe reliable operationof powerbattries the establishment of a long-life system.

【Key words】lithium-ion batery;life decay；power battery；interfacial stability；thermal management; charging strategy

0 引言

新能源汽车对于动力电池的高循环寿命、低衰减有更高的要求，然而目前的锂离子电池在结构力学稳定性、界面副反应控制、热场分布均匀性、运行策略匹配等方面还存在影响寿命的关键矛盾。（剩余4498字）