对传统语言观的三重超越

——从马克思、拉康到海德格尔

中图分类号：H0; B51/56

文献标识码：A

文章编号：2095-6916（2026）10-0098-04

The Triple Transcendence of Traditional Linguistic Views

—From Marx， Lacan to Heidegger

Xu Yajing

（School of Philosophy， Heilongjiang University， Harbin ）

Abstract： The traditional view of language regards language as a neutral communication tool and symbolic system. With the “linguistic turn” of 20th century philosophy pushing language from the periphery to the center of philosophical inquiry， the traditional view of language has been profoundly criticized. Marx first liberated language from “instrumentalism” and defined it as practical consciousness， elucidating the social and historical basis of language. Lacan delves into the construction of language in relation to the subject， revealing the role of language as the order of the Other in the formation and division of the unconscious subject. Heidegger achieves an ontological leap in language， establishing it as the “home of Being”， where truth occurs. The triple transcendence of traditional linguistic views indicates that language is not a tool to be used by humans but rather an ontological horizon that constitutes society， the subject， and existence itself.

Keywords： the traditional view of language; Marx; Lacan; Heidegger

古希腊哲学伊始，语言就被看作传递“理念”或描述“存在”的媒介，被视为思维工具的经典范式。（剩余5980字）