基于 GIS 的陕西省 PM2.5 与 O3 时空变化规律及成因分析

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DOI：10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2026.12.019

中图分类号：X51

文献标志码：A

文章编号：2095-2945（2026）12-0072-07

Abstract： To explore the changing characteristics of PM25 and O3 before and after the proposal of their joint control policies， the years 2019 and 2023 were selected as the periods before and after the policy proposal， respectively. GIS spatial analysis was used to study the spatiotemporal variations of PM25 and O3 in 10 cities and 3 major regions across Shaanxi Province. The results show that in terms of time， the annual average concentration of PM25 in Shaanxi Province in 2023 was 37.0±9.9μg/m3 ， a 15.9% decrease compared to 2019 （ 44.0±11.1μg/m3 ）; the annual average concentration of O3 in 2023 was 56.8±4.9μg/m3 ， an 8.4% increase compared to 2019 （ 52.4±7.4μg/m3 ）. The seasonal distribution of PM25 was winter > spring > autumn > summer， while that of O3 was summer > spring > autumn > winter. The diurnal variations of PM25 and O3 were bimodal and unimodal， respectively. Spatially， the PM25 mass concentration was highest in the Guanzhong region， followed by the southern Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi regions. In the Guanzhong region， Xi'an and Xianyang were the high-value centers in all seasons. In the southern Shaanxi region， Ankang had the lowest concentration in spring and Shangluo in winter. In the Guanzhong region， the high-value center of O3 in summer was at the junction of Tongchuan， Weinan， Xianyang， and Xi'an， and only Tongchuan had a relatively high value in winter. In the southern Shaanxi region， Shangluo was the high-value center in all seasons， which might be related to the spillover effect from the Guanzhong Basin.

Keywords： GIS; PM2.5 ; O3 ; Guanzhong （ccentral Shaanxi）; Shanbei （northern Shaanxi）; Shannan （southern Shaanxi）

《2022年中国生态环境状况公报》显示，在全国339个地级及以上城市中，以 PM25 和 O3 为首要污染物的天数占总超标天数的比例显著高于其他污染物 [1-2] ，二者已然成为我国城市环境空气质量的主要威胁，并且是大气污染防治的核心挑战；其复合污染特征和相互作用机制的复杂程度越来越大，部分地区 PM25 由一次污染转变为以二次污染为主，并与 O3 污染形成高质量浓度复合污染特征，进一步增加了治理难度 [3-4] 。（剩余9790字）