硬岩地下工程岩爆灾害风险分析及防控技术研究

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中图分类号：TU91 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945（2026）08-0165-04

Abstract：Rock burstisamajorgeologicaldisasterfacedbydepundergroundenginering.Itssuddenandhigh-energy releaseharacteristicsseriouslythreatenconstructionsafetyThispapersystematicallreviewsthelatestprogressinrockburst mechanisms，predictionmethodsandpreventionandcontroltechnologies.Researchshowsthattheinitiationofrockburstis controledbyighin-situstressenviroment，hardandbritlerock massandengineeringdisturbances.Rock burstriskprediction methodshaveevolvedfromtraditional indicatormethods（suchaselasticdeformationenergyindexandmaximumenergy disipationrateindex）tomulti-sourceinformationfusionmodels.Preventionandcontroltechnologyformsa"activeenergy release-enhancedsupport-dynamicmonitoring"system，inwhichpressurerelieffromadvanceddillngreducesthefrequencyof rock burst by 40% ，and the energy-absorbing bolt support system improves the impact resistance of the support body by 30% ： Typical cases show that Sanshandao Gold Mine reduced the incidence of rock burst by 50% by optimizing the mining sequence. Futureresearchnedstobreakthroughkeytechnologiessuchasmulti-fieldcoupleddisastermechanismsandinteligentealtime early warning to provide security for deep resource development.

Keywords：undergroundengineing;rock burstdisaster;riskanalysis;preventionandcontroltechnology;safetyassurance

岩爆是高地应力环境下硬岩体因工程开挖导致应变能突然释放的动力失稳现象，常伴随岩石弹射、巨响及冲击波，对深部工程构成严重威胁。（剩余5216字）