环境健康损害国家补偿的公法理论逻辑阐释

中图分类号：D912.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-6916（2026）01-0076-04

Abstract：Asecologicalandenvironmentaldamage issues becomeincreasinglycomplex，traditional private lawremediesareconstrainedbytheirasspecificlmitatiosndgletosystematicallydressthparticularitiesofnvioentalhealtaagee publiclawaribtesoftateiometaldamageelief，oweveosssdisictadvantagstatcastrogldeiade quaciesofprivatelawremedies.Basedonthesynergymechanismbetween publicand private law，thedominant publiclawnatureof the statecompesationseisjustifeditleveagsthedantagsofdministrativepowrtochevelargscaleeliefofdamageilecorporatingprivatelawuleswithinthepubliclawframeworktoforcompositereliefparadigm.Itstheoreticallegitimacyisotedn threaspects：esate’sonstitutioalobgatios，tedistributiejusticeoflgalplosoyandthnvioentalpoersdbal ance.Ultimately，adyamicbalancemodelisproposed，withpubliclawcompensationasthemainstasupplementedbyprivatelaw. Throughlegislativeadaptatioandteuledsignoflabilityoundaries，itstoecostructteteoetcalsysteofskdistribtio justicewithinthepubliclawframeworkItsssencelisintestate’sesponsibilitytofilltegapsofprivatelawemediesandteetun of public power safeguards.

Keywords：environmental health damage； state compensation;public law theoretical logic

我国环境健康损害赔偿适用“损害担责”原则，在此原则下，环境健康损害案件中的权利救济主要依托私法诉讼路径展开，但在实践中存在环境健康损害责任人难以寻得，抑或无力赔偿等情形，因此环境健康损害单纯靠私法进行救济不足以弥补损失，为更有效面对生态环境风险，现代环境法律正努力跳出传统法律框架，不再以私法为核心的个案救济方式来救济损害，而是尝试通过公法，如国家补偿的介人来保护环境和公众的健康权益。（剩余5738字）