基于时域反射技术的风机叶片防雷接地故障快速检测系统

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关键词：风机叶片；防雷接地系统；故障检测;时域反射技术;故障定位；脉冲反射；便携式检测系统；风电场维护中图分类号：TU856 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945（2026）03-0021-04

Abstract：Inorder tosolvetheproblemof lightningprotectionsystem failurecausedbyfaultssuchasbreakageand poorcontactofwindturbinebladelightningprotectiondownleads，andtoovercometheshortcomingsoftraditionalresstance measurementmethodsthatrequireshutdownanddisassemblyandloweficiency，aportablerapiddetectionsystembasedon TimeDomainReflectometry（TDR）technologywas designedanddeveloped.Thesysteminjectshigh-frequencypulse signals intothelightningconductor，determinesandlocatesfaultsbyanalyzingthecharacteristicsofreflectedwaves；thehardware integrates a pulse generation module（pulse width 100～200 ns， amplitude adjustable），a high-speed acquisition module （50 MHz ADC），a processing unit （FPGA + microprocessor） and a human-machine interface.The fault distance is calculated byusingthepulsepropagationspeedandreflectiontimediferenceintheconductor，andthefaulttype（opencircuit，short circuit）isdeterminedthroughthereflectioncoeffcient.Throughactualbladetestinginthelaboratoryandwindfarm，the system's positioning error for open and short circuit faults on 2O～20O m conductors is less than 5% （the laboratory standard deviation is less than 2% ），and the relative error for actual blade detection on site is less than 3% ．Inaddition，the detection accuracy ina strong interference environment exceeds 90% ，and the positioning error is controlled within ±2% ： Theaveragetimeforasingle detection process（including wiring，measurement，andanalysis）isless than 5minutes.The resultsshowthatthetimedomainreflectiontechnologydetectionsystemrealizesnon-contact，rapidandaccuratelocation andtypejudgmentoflightningprotectiondownleadfaultsofwindturbineblades，andcanimprovetheefciencyandsafety of wind power operation and maintenance.

Keywords：windturbine blade;lightning protectiongroundingsystem；faultdetection；timedomainreflection technology; fault location；pulse reflection；portable diagnostic system；wind farm maintenance

随着风电机组单机容量与叶片长度的持续增长（现代叶片超 70m ，玻璃纤维增强复合材料叶片的绝缘特性与雷击风险矛盾日益凸显。（剩余3890字）