环境DNA技术在水生生物中的应用进展

中图分类号：S932 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004—6755（2026）04—0090—04

Research progress on the application of environmental DNA technology in aquatic organisms

YERenzhi，GUYing，FUGuanghui，SUNMiaomiao （Lianyungang Municipal Marine and Fishery Development Promotion Center，Lianyungang 222ooo，China）

Abstract：Environmental DNA （eDNA） technology enables efficient and non-invasive monitoring of biodiversity， resource abundance，invasive alien species，and pathogens by extracting genetic material from environmental samples such as water and sediment. Compared to traditional survey methods， eDNA technology offers advantages including low cost，high efficiency，and minimal disturbance to ecosystems. This paper reviews the application progress of eDNA technology in aquatic organism research，including biodiversity assessment， species abundance estimation， invasive species detection， and disease surveillance. Additionally，the article analyzes current technical challenges， such as sample contamination and the influence of environmental factors on eDNA concentration，and proposes that future efforts should focus on establishing standardized protocols and conducting further research on environmental influences to promote the advancement and application of eDNA technology.

Key words：environmental DNA technology; aquatic organisms; biodiversity

水体中生物群落的结构、功能及其变化，是评估水生态系统健康状况的重要指标[1]。（剩余6886字）