基于STM32的自主轻简灌溉控制器构建

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中图分类号：S274.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5553（2026）02-0349-08

Abstract：Toaddressthe limitationsof simple irigation equipment（suchasVenturi tubes，fertilizer injectionpumps，and fertilizertanks）inagricultural productionthatrelyonmanual experience orpresetcontrolforirrgation decision-making，an improvedtime-based irigationstrategyandareal-time weightfedbackirrigationstrategyweredeveloped inthis studyby integrating tomatowaterdemandpatterns，intellgentcontroltechnology，andsimplefertilizationequipment.Alow-cost， lightweight autonomous irigation controler was developedbased onan STM32single-chip microcontroller.The performanceof theimproved time-basedandreal-timeweightfeedback irigationstrategieswasevaluatedusing plant growth indicators（plant height，stem diameter，single spikeweight），irrigation volume，andreturn liquidvolumeas test indicators.Theresultsshowed thatcomparedwith manual preset irigation，the improved time-based strategy reduced the average daily irrigationvolume by 9.3% and the return liquid ratio by 9.4% ，with no significant differences in plant height，stem diameter，and single spike weight P>0.05 ）.Thereal-time weight feedback strategy reduced the average daily irrigation volume by 20.3% and the return liquid ratio by 17.4% ，with no significant differences in plant growth indicators（ P>0.05 ）．Annual cost savings were estimated at and 43050yuan/hm2 for solar grenhousesinindustrialparks，respectively.Thislightweightandeficientcontrolernotonlyenhancedthewaterfertilizer use eficiency of simple fertilization equipment but also reduced resource consumption and waste.

Keywords：irrigation controller；irrigation strategy；tomato；weight feedback；microcontroller

0 引言

水利是农业的命脉，肥料是农业的保障1，中国耕地约占全球 9% ，淡水资源约占 6% ，但是消耗了全球约 30% 的化肥[2]，农田灌溉水利用效率为0.568，水分生产率不足 1kg/m3 ，仅为美国、以色列等发达国家的 1/2 左右[3，不合理的灌溉施肥制度导致大量水肥资源浪费、土壤盐碱化等问题，严重影响农业可持续发展和蔬菜安全生产[4，5]

水肥一体化作为农业灌溉的关键技术6，在设施蔬菜上产生了积极的影响，其高效的灌溉决策与完善的灌溉系统是提高农业生产效率的重要手段[7.8]。（剩余12879字）