基因组分析揭示现代家马环境适应的遗传基础

打开文本图片集

中图分类号：S821.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2026）01-0194-12

Abstract： To clarify the genetic basis of modern domestic horses’ adaptation to environmental changes during domestication，this study collcted genomic data from 317 individuals of 19 horse breeds at home and abroad for analysis，and explored the genetic diversity and population structure of horses.Combined with 25 environmental factors，genome-wide association study and selective sweep analysis （ FST and u ratio）were used to screen candidate genes significantly associated with environmental adaptability. The results showed that a total of lO7 shared candidate genes significantly associated with environmental adaptability were identified by the two analytical methods. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in pathways such as olfactory transduction， heme binding，oxygen binding，and cellular response to hypoxia. Among them，the OR52A1J gene region on chromosome 7 showed a strong selection signal. Haplotype analysis revealed that this region could clearly distinguish horse breeds at high and low altitudes，suggesting that it might be a key candidate gene for the adaptation of Tibetan horses to high altitudes. This study provides a new perspective for revealing the environmental adaptability of modern domestic horses and offers a reference for the management and protection of animal genetic resources.

Keywords： modern domestic horse; environmental adaptability ;GWAS; selective sweer ∗ Corresponding author：DNAG Ruihua，E-mail： dangruihua@nwsuaf.edu.cn

现代家马主要分布在北美和欧亚大陆，其分布区域广阔，地形多样且气候差异显著[1]。（剩余14440字）