黑土地耕地质量评价研究进展与展望

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中图分类号：S151.9 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1008-0864（2025）12-0211-16

Abstract：Asthecornerstonesafeguarding China'sfoodsecurity，thequalityassssmentof Northeast China'sblack soil iscrucialfor maintaining national foodsecurityandsustainableagricultural development.Theresearch progress weresystematically reviewed in evaluating the qualityof black soilfarmland，covering theoretical frameworks， indicatorsystems，technical methodologiesandpractical applications.Theoreticaly，evaluation paradigms have evolved fromearly assssmentsof soil fertilityand productivityto comprehensive functional evaluations centeredon soil quality，and further tosoil healthassessments focusing onecosystem services.Thisprogressionreflecteda deepening understanding shifting from singularproductive functions tomultidimensional ecological functions. Methodologicaly，evaluationindicatorshaveexpandedfromsimplesoilfertilityfactorstomulti-factorintegrated systems.Data acquisition hasshifted from traditional groundsurveys to integrated“space-air-ground”collaborative observation，leveraging remotesensing，unmanned aerial vehicles，and internet of things technologies to enhance data effciencyand accuracy.Evaluationmethods havealso evolved fromqualitativeand quantitative approaches to intellgent models like machine learning，enabling more precise quantitative assessments and spatial mapping. Furthermore，the application of evaluation outcomes were summarized in enhancing farmland quality，forecasting grain production capacityand protecting theecological environment.It constructed a conceptual model linking “farmland quality to grain production capacity”，providing basis for delineating protected red lines.In the future， black soil evaluations should move toward greater precision，dynamism and intelligence.

Keywords：northeast black soil;indicator system；evaluation method;soil health； food security

耕地是粮食生产的命根子，是中华民族永续发展的根基。（剩余30443字）