黑土地大数据平台：架构演进、应用场景与发展挑战

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中图分类号：S127：TP311.13 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1008-0864（2025）12-0183-16

Abstract：Addresing the notable gap insystematicreviews withinthe fieldof black soil bigdata platformresearch and practice，comprehensive analysis of the current state ofthese platforms from the perspectives of dataacquisition， platformarchitecture，and typical application scenarios were provided.A comparative asessment of the technical approaches and defining characteristicsof similar domesticand internationalplatforms was also conducted.Firstly， themulti-source heterogeneity，spatiotemporallycorrelatedandmulti-scale atributes ofblack soil data were expounded，and the structure ofthe integrated“space-air-ground-network”data acquisition systemand the fundamental challengesinherent inits data fusion processes wereanalyzed.Subsequently，the evolutionary pathways，comparative advantagesand limitations of mainstream platform architectures，including monolithic， microservice-based andagent-oriented paradigms，wereexaminedand contrasted.The analysis identifiedacritical technicaldiscontinuitywithinthe“decision-control"closed-loopas theprimary botleneck hindering theachievement of end-to-end platform intellgence.Through anevaluationofkeyapplication areas，such asland quality monitoring， precision fertilization，degradation diagnostics，disaster early warningand policy simulation，both the potential and theconstraintsof theseplatforms inenabling data-drivendecision-making weredelineated.Furthermore，multiple persistentchallenges，includingdata silos，insuffcient model interpretabilityand difficulties in practical adoption and scaling were pinpointed.Several pivotal directions for future development wereproposed，such as emphasizing thedeep integrationof artificial inteligence with knowledgegraphs，theadvancement of“human-cyber-physical” intelligentcollaboration，andtheestablishmentofcross-platformstandardsandmutualrecognition frameworks.

Above resultsoffered both theoretical reference and practical guidance for subsequent investigation，system development and the scaled deployment of black soil big data platforms. Keywords：black soil; big data platform；data fusion；smart agriculture;agricultural informatization

黑土地因其深厚的土层、丰富的有机质和卓越的肥力，被誉为“耕地中的大熊猫”，是保障粮食安全的战略性稀缺资源。（剩余29660字）