乙型肝炎动物模型的研究现状与挑战

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DOI： 10.12449/JCH260105

关键词：乙型肝炎病毒；共价闭合环状DNA；模型，动物

Abstract：HepatitisBvirus（HBV）infectionisoneof themajorglobalhalthproblems，nditcanleadtothedevelopmentofliver cirhosisandhepatocelularcarcinoma.Duetothestrictspeciesspecificityof HBVinfection，noanimal modelhasyetben establishedtofullysupporthecompletelifecycleofHBVinfectionandacuratelyrefecthostimmuneresponsesandpathognesis. Curent animal modelsused for HBVresearch include various hostssuch aschimpanzes，treeshrews，and mice，as well as surrogate models basedonrelated hepatotropic viruses.Although these models havecontributedsignificantlyto theresearchon HBVreplication，immuneresponseandantiviraldrug evaluation，theystillhvecertainlimitationssuchasethicalconcens，low infectioneficiencyighcosts，ndalackofpersistentinfection.Inecentyears，thedevelopmentofnovelstrategies，suchs humanized mouse modelswith reconstitutedhuman liverandimmunesystems，transgenicmodels，and viralvector-mediated infectionsystems，hasgreatlypromotedtheresearchonHBVbiology.Inthefuture，withtheintegrationofemerging technologies includinggeneediting，tissueengineering，andmulti-systemreconstruction，itisposibletostablishHBVinfectionodelsthat canmorecloselymimic human pathophysiology，therebylayingarobust foundation forunderstanding virus-host interactions， exploring the pathways for viral clearance，and developing radical treatment strategies.

KeyWords：HepatitisBVirus；Covalently ClosedCircular DNA；Models，Animal

Research funding：National Scienceand Technology Major Projectfor thePreventionand Controlof Emergingand Major InfectiousDiseases（2025ZD01906700）；FundamentalResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversities（2042024kf0026）；National NaturalScienceFoundationofChina（32570193，81971936，32300131）;ChinaPostdoctoralScienceFoundation（2023M73695）

乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitisBvirus，HBV）是感染肝脏的重要病原体，可引起急性或慢性肝炎，并引发包括肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝癌在内的病毒感染相关并发症。（剩余18040字）