变化环境下黄河上游水沙及影响因素演变规律分析

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关键词：径流；泥沙；演变规律；气候变化；下垫面；黄河上游中图分类号：P333;TV143.1;TV882.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2026.03.007引用格式：.变化环境下黄河上游水沙及影响因素演变规律分析[J].人民黄河，2026，48（3）：45-51.

Analysis of Evolution Patterns of Water and Sediment and Influencing Factors in the Upper Yellow River Under Changing Environment

HUANG Weidong1，2（1.Gansu Provincial Hydrology and Water Resources Center， Lanzhou 73OoOo，China;2.Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 73OO70，China）

Abstract： The upper reaches of the Yellow River contribute 58% of the water volume and 12% of the sediment to the entire basin. Due to climatechangeandumanactitis，erearesigiicanthangsinteupstreamwatenddimentamont.Bsedodrologicalete logicalandothrseationdatandusingmethodssuchashdroloicalstistics，oubleacuulatiourvsandKendallrke tion，thisrtcleanalydteevolutionlawofwaterandsedmentiteupperreacsofteYelowRiveanditsifuencgfctorse sultsshowthat：Duringtheperiodfrom956to22，duetotheincreaseinprecipitatoandtemperature，thenaturalrunofoftheain stream above Tangnaihai and the Huangshui River Basin increased by O.OO4 9 to O.O11 O billion m3 per year，while the hydrological stations intheLanzhoutoToudaogaisectionoftheainstreamandteDaxiaRiverandTaoheRiverbasinswereafectedbytedecreaseinpreipitation and changes in underlying surfaces，resulting in a decrease of O.0O3 to O.O47 billion m3 per year in natural runoff. The sediment dischargeofthemainandributarycontrolstationsshowedadecreasingtrendovertheyears.ThemainstreamaboveTangnaihaidecreasedby 20000tonsperyear，thehdrologicalstationbetwenLanzhouandToudaoguaidecreasedby1.58to2.15illontonsperyearndach tributarydecreasedby5Oot47otonsperyear.Tedistributionofrunoffandsedimentinvariousriverswasuneventhrououtthe year. The runoff was mainly concentrated from May to October，accounting for 67.8% to 81.4% of the annual total. Sediment discharge was mainly concentrated from June to September，accounting for 63.2% to 91.4% of the annual total. The impacts of reservoirs on water and sedimentchangesweresignficant.TakingteLongyangxiaadLiujiaiahydropowerstatiosaseaples，tejtoperationofthetwoses after 1986 resulted in a 13.6% reduction in annual runoff and a 75.3% reduction in annual sediment discharge at Lanzhou station.

Key words：runoff；sediment；evolution pattern； climate change；underlying surface；Upper Yelow River

0 引言

黄河是中华民族的母亲河，是我国重要的生态安全屏障。（剩余9689字）