芽变选种推动中国苹果栽培面积和产量占据全世界的半壁江山

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中图分类号：S661.1 文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-2910（2026）02-0001-05

Bud-sport selection has played a pivotal role in enabling China's apple cultivation area and yield to account for half of the global total

CHEN Xuesen， WANG Nan， LIU Wenjun， JIANG Yuanmao， HU Dagang， MAO Zhiquan

（College of Horticultural Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center for Apple/Shandong Apple Technology Innovation Center，Tai'an，Shandong 271018， China）

Abstract： This study briefly introduces the mechanism of fruit tree bud mutation， the characteristics of bud mutation breeding， and the development process of the apple cultivar structure in China; emphatically analyzes the dual eects of bud mutation breeding of Red Fuji： it has not only boosted China's apple cultivation area and yield to account for half of the global total， but also resulted in the formation of the current homogeneous cultivar structure. It also elucidates the main causes of cultivar structure homogenization， and points out that the full exploitation of the superior characteristics of cultivars is the core factor in promoting the widespread application of Red Fuji bud mutation varieties. To address issues such as homogenization in the apple industry， low nutritional content in the flesh of Fuji-type varieties， insufficient aroma， requiring bagging， difficulties in flowering， poor disease resistance and diffculties in management， a breeding direction and goal for apples was proposed， featuring diversity， diferentiation， personalization， high nutrition， strong flavor， light simplification， and mechanization compatibility.

Key words： apple; bud-sport selection; cultivar structure; homogeneous; breeding direction and goal

在大食物观、健康中国、乡村振兴和绿色发展的时代背景下，苹果产业的高质量发展，不仅是保障中国主要农产品稳定安全供给和建设健康中国的重要支撑，也是农民增收和乡村全面振兴的重要支柱产业和维护国家生态安全的重要屏障。（剩余4965字）