氮高效水稻实现减氮、增产和高氮肥利用率的途径与原因分析

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中图分类号： S511;S143.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2026）03-0492-14

Abstract：To investigate the differences in grain yield，nitrogen（N）uptake and utilization，and root traits between two rice varieties differing in nitrogen use efficiency（ NUE ）underreduced-N conditions，four experiments were conducted. The experiments examined the effectsof the number of seedlingsper hill，Napplicationrate，theinteractionbetweenNapplicationandplantingdensity，andtheratioofbasal totopdressingNapplicationtoidentifythe technicalpathwaysandsupportingcultivationpracticesforachievinghighyieldinN-efcientricevariety.Resultsindicated thattheN-effcientricevarietydemonstratedsignificantlyhigheryieldpotentialthantheN-ineffcientricevarietyunderboth zero-N and various medium-to-low N application levels，with an average yield increase of 25.28% . Under 25% N reduction condition，its grain yield exceeded the five-year average yield in Jiangsu province by 16.63% . The treatment of 3.15 ×10∘ （20 hills per hectare， three seedlings per hill，and a 6：4 basal to topdressing ratio achieved the highest yield，mainly due to higher grainsperpanicle，1OOo-grainweight，andseedsettngrate.TheN-effcientricevarietyalsoexhibitedsignificantly higher leaf area index （LAI）， sink capacity，and biological yield.Across all N treatments，the N-eficient rice variety exhibited clear advantages in N accumulation and NUE at heading stage and maturation stage.The N-efficient rice variety alsodisplayedsignificantlysuperiorroottraitscomparedwithN-ineffcientricevariety，includingagreaternumberof adventitious roots perplant，longer totalrootlength，thickerrots，higherrootdryweight，larger totalandactiveroot absorption areas.Inconclusion，theN-effcientricevarietyshowedclearadvantages inboth grainyieldandnitrogenuse effciency. Under an appropriate planting density，a 25% reduction in Napplication still resulted in a yield significantly higherthantheprovincial averageoverthepastfiveyears.Thehigh yieldandeficiencyof theN-eficientriceisprimarily atributedtoitswell-developedrootsystem，strongrotactivity，optimizedsource-sinkcharacteristics，highbiomass production，and strong nitrogen uptake capacity.

Key words：nitrogen-effcientrice；cultivation treatments；yield；nitrogen absorption；nitrogenutilization；root trait

作物生长离不开氮、磷、钾，氮肥较磷肥、钾肥对作物产量潜力的提升更加快速和直观，这种具象化的表现，让生产者误以为通过加大氮肥投入就可以持续保持和提高水稻产量。（剩余16701字）