重油禁令下北极航道环境治理的挑战与中国因应

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中图分类号：X55；D993.5；P7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1005-9857（2025）12-0013-09

The Challenges of Environmental Governance in the Arctic Shipping Route Under the Heavy Oil Ban and China's Response

LUOMeng，QIUJiawen（HarbinEngineeringUniversity，Harbin15oo01，China）

Abstract：As global temperatures continue torise，theaccelerated melting of Arctic ice has made the Arctic shippng routes increasingly viable for commercialnavigation，bringing growingatention toenvironmental protection issues inthe region.Heavy fuel oil（HFO），widely used in marine transport，posessevere threats to the fragile Arctic ecosystemthrough combustion emissions andoil spills.The InternationalMaritime Organization’s2021banon the useand cariageof HFO inArctic waters marksa significant step inArcticenvironmental governance.However，the extensive exemption clauses，weak enforcement mechanisms，and underdeveloped alternative fuel systems have limited its efectiveness incurbingHFO-related polution.Under mounting economic，technological，andinstitutional pressures，the implementation of the HFO banhas created tensions between ecological protectionand shipping costs， disproportionatelyaffctingdevelopingcountries．Withinamultilateral framework，Chinacanplayaconstructive roleinArcticenvironmentalgovernance by strengthening energyand technologicalcooperation with Rusia，Japan， and South Korea，promoting colaboration in scientific research，Indigenous cultural exchange，and environmental protection in low-politics areas，and exploring regionally differentiated exemption schemes．Through the dual approachoftechnological innovationand institutionalcoordination，newpathwaysmay emerge forbalancing ecological conservation and maritime development，contributing a distinct“Chinese approach”to Arctic shipping governance. Keywords：Arctic shipping routes，Heavy Fuel Oil Ban，Environmental protection，Cooperative governance

0 引言

随着全球气温升高，北极冰层融化速度明显加快[]，北极航道作为新兴航线，即将迎来全面通航[2]，这具有重要的经济和战略价值。（剩余14847字）