美国金融制裁：实施体系、制约机制与中国企业应对措施

[中图分类号]D971.2[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1671-8372（2026）01-0077-10

U.S.financial sanctions： implementation system， constraining mechanisms and the countermeasures of Chinese enterprises

YU Qing-qing， LI Zhuo-ying

（DepartmentofLawandPolitical Science，North China Electric PowerUniversity，Baoding O71oo3，China）

Abstract： Financial sanctions are a core component of the U.S.economic sanctions regime，characterized by low implementationcosts，ease of enforcement，difficultyof evasion，anda significant coercive impact.Since the advent of“smart sanctions”，they have evolved into a central instrument of U.S.foreign economic sanction. Consequently， Chinese enterprisesengaged ininternational tradeand investmentinevitablyfacemultifacetedadverse efects from these measures.To efectively navigate this complex landscape，Chinese enterprises must develop a phased legal strategy grounded in a thorough understanding of the sanctions mechanisms，encompassng both preventive and remedial stages. Duringthe preventive phase，enterprises should systematically familiarize themselves with sanctions lists and key policies，continuously monitor U.S.legislativeand enforcement developments in this field，and conduct comprehensive compliance risk assessments.In the eventof being added toasanctions list，afected enterprises should actively pursue remedies throughavailable U.S.legalchannels.This includes promptlysubmiting evidenceto the OficeofForeignAssets Control（OFAC）of the U.S.Departmentof the Treasuryto requestadministrativereconsideration，and seeking judicial reviewinfederalcourts basedonproceduralandsubstantiverightsconferred byconstitution.Throughthis dual-pronged approach， Chinese enterprises can better safeguard their interests.

Keywords：financial sanctions;constrainingmechanisms;OFAC;relief

一、引言

近年来，面对世界范围内经济增速放缓及较大规模金融危机的冲击，部分发达国家出于对自身国家利益的考量，开始重新调整其对外政策，单边主义政治主张与贸易保护主义经济政策重新抬头，“逆全球化”思潮悄然兴起。（剩余17370字）