刑事立案前涉案财产紧急处置措施的适用困境及其纾解

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[中图分类号]D924.3[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1671-8372（2026）01-0067-10

The dilemma in the application of emergency measures for involved asset disposal prior to criminal case filingand the resolution

PANJin-gui，LVShuai-kang，TIANJun

（1.School ofLaw， Southwest University of Political Science and Law， Chongqing 40l120，China; 2.Shandong UniversityofFinance and Economics，School ofLaw， Jinan 25oo14， China）

Abstract：Inrecentyears，Chinahas enacted specialized legislations，suchastheAnti-Organized CrimeLawof the People's RepublicofChinaand theAnti-Telecommunicationand InternetFraudLawof the People's Republicof China，whichhave formallestablishedemergencymeasures for thedisposalofassetsimplicated incriminalcasesprior to formalcase filing.These provisions provide an important legal basis for pre-filing asst intervention.However，due to their compulsory nature and application within a pre-procedural context，such measures also raise significant legitimacy concerns.Guided bythe theoryof“limited-loss due process”，and inresponse to challenges such as the instantaneous transfer ofassts inemerging forms ofcrime andthe irrversibilityofevidence destruction，the effciency valueunderlying these measures needto，toacertainextent，take precedenceovertraditionalprocedurallegitimacy.Inpractice，however， vague legislative authorization， weakened review procedures，and the absence of robust oversight mechanisms have created the risk that pre-filing emergency measures may devolve into a“seizure-equals-final-resolution"approach. Therefore，it is necessary to systematically optimize the application pathway from four aspects： refining normative content，unifyingrecognition standards，improving internalreview mechanisms，and establishing external supervision frameworks.This systematic approach not only addresses the practical requirements of the Fourth Amendment to the CriminalProcedureLawof thePeople'sRepublicofChinabutalsooffrsadistinctivelyChineselegal solutiontothe global challenge ofcriminal assetsrecovery，contributing to therule-of-lawtransformation inthehandling ofcriminally involved assetsin China.

Key words： emergency measures; due process;involved assets;principle of proportionalit

一、问题的提出

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》明确提出：“完善涉及公民人身权利强制措施以及查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的制度。（剩余17394字）