数据本地化制度的类型化与转型重塑

[中图分类号]D99；G203[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2026）01-0059-08

The typologyand transformational reshaping of data localization regimes

SUNFa-bai，SUXiao-xue

（Digital RuleofLawResearch Institute，Shandong UniversityofScience and Technology，Qingdao 26659o，China）

Abstract：Data localizationregimes mandate the physical storageof data within national territoryand restrict its cross-border free flowtoensure absolutedatasecurity.However，withtherapid developmentof theglobal digital economy，the inherenttension between data localizationand cros-border data flows has become prominent.Strictly restrictiveapproachestodatalocalizationareincreasinglybecomingobsolete，whilerule-orientedandtechnology-assisted institutionaldesigns arereshapingdatalocalizationregimes.These emerging frameworksseek toachievearelative balance thatreconciles theobjectiveofcontrollabledata securityand free datafows.Inthiscontext，datalocalization is shifting from static control focused on“where data is located”to dynamic governance centered on“how data is protected”. Through the coordination of technical safeguards and certification mechanisms，and enhanced interaction between internationalanddomestic legalregimes，data localization is no longertheantithesisofcross-borderdatafows.Instead， it is evolving into an institutional nexus that bridges the freedomand securityofcros-borderdata movement.Asa major digital economy，China should actively promote the transformation of its data governance framework-moving from rigid localization towardsa new paradigm grounded in securityand trust.It must prudentlybalance the principle of data sovereignty while exploring the extrateritorial applicationof datalocalizationregimesand ensuring rule interoperability. Sucheffortsare essential tounleashing the valueofdataand fostering sustainable economicandsocialdevelopment.

Key words： data localization; cross-border data flows; transformation and reshaping

一、引言

在全球数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下，数据已日益演变为新的生产要素，跨境数据流动成为推动经济一体化与创新合作的关键动力。（剩余13584字）