地锦草固体发酵菌种筛选及发酵工艺优化

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DOI：10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2026.003.014

中图分类号：Q939.99；R283

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1006-060X（2026）03-0079-08

Screening of Strains for Solid-State Fermentation and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Euphorbia humifusa

YOU Tao， ZHENG Jun， ZHOU Yi， PANG Yong， LONG Yan-hua， JIANG Yu-hua， LAN Shi-le

（College of Bioscience and Biotechnology， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， PRC）

Abstract： This study aims to develop feed additives from the Chinese medicinal herb Euphorbia humifusa with reduced antibiotics， thereby improving the feed value of this herb. An endophytic bacterial strain named XQ4 was isolated from a healthy plant of E. humifusa， and it was identified as Bacillus tequilensis based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. Single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize the fermentation medium components with the total alkaloid production as the evaluation indicator. Furthermore， the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation conditions. The optimal solid-state fermentation medium was composed of 100 g E. humifusa， 4% glucose， 1.6% yeast extract powder， 0.15% MgSO₄·7H₂O， and 0.25% KH₂PO₄. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows： a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 ： 1.2， an inoculation volume of 5.9% （V/W）， an initial pH value of 7.2， a temperature of 30.5 °C， and fermentation for 2.6 d. Under these optimized conditions， the total alkaloid yield reached 1.637 1 mg/g.

Key words： Euphorbia humifusa; endophytic bacteria; Bacillus tequilensis; alkaloid; fermentation process optimization

地锦草（Euphorbia humifusa）是大戟科大戟属一年生草本植物，该植物富含黄酮类 [1-4] 、酚酸类 [5] 、三萜类 [6-7] 、生物碱类 [8] 、多糖类 [9-10] 等生物活性物质，全株都可入药，是中医、蒙医、维医常用药材，具有活血化瘀、清热解毒、凉血止血、利湿退黄等功效，主治出血症、湿热黄疸、痢疾、疮疡肿毒等 [11] 。（剩余10057字）