控释氮肥减量对玉米养分吸收、氮肥利用率及产量的影响

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DOI：10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2026.003.007

中图分类号：S513

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1006-060X（2026）03-0038-07

Effect of Reducing Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake， Nitrogen Use Efficiency， and Yield of Maize

XIA Yi-xiang， HAN Yong-liang， RONG Xiang-min， YANG Lan

（College of Resources， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha ， PRC）

Abstract： On the basis of long-term nitrogen fertilizer monitoring experimental sites， this study used the maize variety ‘Zhengdan 958’ as the material and designed six treatments： no nitrogen fertilizer （T1）， urea at a conventional rate （T2）， controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at a conventional rate （T3）， controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 10% （T4）， controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 20% （T5）， and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 30% （T6）. The study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term reduced nitrogen application on maize yield， nutrient accumulation， and soil chemical properties. The results showed that reducing controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer by 10%–20% maintained high maize yields while significantly improving nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with the T1， T4 and T5 increased nitrogen partial productivity to 35.15 and 38.15 kg/kg， respectively， with nitrogen use efficiencies reaching 56.00% and 64.10%， yield increases of 137.60% and 142.00%， and no significant difference in yield compared with T3. Among the treatments， the T4 was more favorable for nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the plants， with the aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation reaching 3.43 and 0.62 g/plant， respectively. This treatment， while maintaining soil total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen significantly higher than the T1， effectively mitigated soil acidification. Therefore， it was recommended that conventional urea could be replaced with controlled-release urea and nitrogen application could be reduced by 10%–20% on this basis to achieve high maize yields， efficient nitrogen utilization， and sustainable agricultural production.

Key words： maize; controlled-release fertilizer; nutrient accumulation in plant; nitrogen use efficiency

玉米是目前世界上产量最高、增产潜力最大的禾谷类作物，是世界三大主粮之一，也是我国第一大粮食作物 [1] 。（剩余12121字）