光伏农业中光伏与作物匹配策略研究进展

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中图分类号：S214

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1006-060X（2026）03-0020-09

Research Advances in Matching Strategies Between Photovoltaics and Crops in Photovoltaic Agriculture

LIANG Tao 1， MENG Chao 1， XIAO Na 2， ZHANG Xia 1， ZOU Ting 3， DONG Huang-lin 3， LI Xiao-xi 3， LI Ming 3

Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp.， Ltd.， Jinan 250013， PRC; 2. Wuling Power Corporation Ltd.， Changsha 410029， PRC; 3. Agricultural Equipment Institute of Hunan， Changsha 410125， PRC）

Abstract： This paper systematically reviewed two dominant configurations—photovoltaic greenhouses and open-field photovoltaic systems—of photovoltaic agriculture. We analyzed the matching strategies of diverse crop categories—greenhouse vegetables， grain crops， forage plants， and medicinal plants—with photovoltaic systems in terms of spectral management， spatial layout， and microclimate regulation. The available studies primarily investigated the effect of shading rate on crop yields and quality， as well as the coupling mechanisms between array parameters， microclimate， and energy efficiency. Methodologies ranged from field experiments and modeling simulations to economic analyses. The results indicated that shade-tolerant crops， such as mushrooms and lettuce， could achieve yield increases of 15%–30% under moderate shading. For grain crops， the yield losses remained manageable （<20%） when shading rates were controlled between 25% and 32%. Notably， in arid and hot regions， shading alleviated heat stress， substantially increasing the yields of crops like chili peppers. Furthermore， crop transpiration could reduce the photovoltaic module temperatures by approximately 10 °C， thereby enhancing power generation. In conclusion， while photovoltaic agriculture could significantly improve the land equivalent ratio to achieve both food and energy production increases， its widespread adoption faced challenges related to crop adaptability， regional climate variability， and photovoltaic module costs. There was an urgent need to establish standardized co-optimization systems for integrated planting and power generation.

Key words： photovoltaic agriculture; photovoltaic greenhouse; open-field photovoltaics; crop matching

传统农业高度依赖化石燃料，其全产业链能耗占全球总能耗30%以上，贡献了约19%～29%的温室气体排放量 [1] ，加剧了气候危机。（剩余21617字）