从自然女神到自主的行动者

——麦茜特对生态女性主义的批判及其对自然形象的重构

关键词：麦茜特；自然女神；生态女性主义；自然形象重构；伙伴

中图分类号：B829 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-2435（2026）01-0029-08

FromNature Goddessto Autonomous Agents-Carolyn Merchant's Critique ofEcofeminismand Her Reconstruction of the Nature Image

WANG Yunxia（SchoolofPhilosophy，ShaanxiNormal University，Xi'an71o119，China）

Keywords：Carolyn Merchant;goddessof nature;ecofeminism;reconstruction of nature image;partnel

Abstract：Carolyn Merchant argues thatthe image of the goddess ofnature constructed inancient times has experienced disenchantment，fallanddeath since modern times，butthatthe protectionof nature canbeachievedwithout returning to theworshipof natureand forcibly linking women to it，asadvocated byecofeminists.New science such as chaostheory has revealedthecharacteristicsofrandomness，disorderandcomplexityofnature，whichhas fullydemonstrated that nature is anautonomous and self-organizing actor.Therefore，humanbeings should regard natureas an equal partner and co-. evolve with it.This reconstruction of the image of nature will deepen our reflection on a more appropriate mode of human-nature coexistence. However，how nature becomes the subject，what it means for nature to engage in dialogue or negotiation with human subjects，etc.，need to be further considered.Otherwise，it maybe the sameas the utopian fantasyofreturning to the worshipof nature goddesscriticized byCarolyn Merchant，and the vision of man and nature as equal partners may risk becomingan atractive but ultimately impracticable illusion.

众所周知，虽同为大自然进化过程中的产物，但人类始终处于一种有别于其他物种的与自然打交道的特殊状态，而人“存在先于本质”的在世方式在使自身彰显无限可能性的同时，也在诸多方面陷入了无法摆脱的困境。（剩余10899字）