椰枣起源驯化传播研究进展

中图分类号：S31 文献标志码：A

Research Progress on Date Palm Origin， Domestication and Dissemination

， 1， ， 1， 1， ZHANG Ning1，HU Wei1，2*

1.Coconut ResearchInstitute，ChineseAcademyofTropicalAgricultural Sciences/NationalTropicalPalmGermplasmRserve/ IntermationalJointResearchCenterforDatePalmResourceEvauationandCultivarPropagationWenchang，Hainan5739，Cina; 2.Sanya Research Institute， Chinese Academy ofTropical Agricultural Sciences，Sanya， Hainan 572O25，China

Abstract： The studyof plant domestication is ofsignificant importancefor understanding both cultural development and evolutionarybiology.Thedate palm （Phoenix dactylifera），asacrucial perennial fruit tree，hasadomesticationhistory of particular interest. Widelycultivated inaridregionsofthe Old World，it stands among theearliestdomesticated species.Although evidence of its domestication datesback approximately12 ooO years ago，the domestication processprimarily occurred from the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Archaeological and genomic analyses indicate that the date palm originated in the Middle East and spread to North Africa during the Roman period.Itsdomestication involved key agronomic practices，including vegetative propagation，artificial pollnation，andadvancesin irigation technology.Fruit traits such as size，shape，pigment deposition，and sucrose metabolism underwent significant changes during domestication.Research reveals two major gene poolsin date palms，reflecting the complex domestication history. Wild relatives and ancestral species contributed to gene introgression and diversification during domestication. Future studies should focus on elucidating the genetic mechanisms and expanding genomic resources，reconstructing biogeographic pathways to advance research and sustainable utilization of date palms.

Keywords： neolithic revolution; plant domestication; date palm （Phoenix dactylifera）; genomic analysis

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.04.010

椰枣（PhoenixdactyliferaL.），作为雌雄异株的棕榈科植物，占据旧世界干旱地区的多年生果树栽培份额，也是最早被驯化的物种之一[1]。（剩余21344字）