生成式人工智能英语写作反馈的模型差异与提示词调节作用研究

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中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-0100（2026）01-0096-7

DOI编码：10.16263/j.cnki.23-1071/h.2026.01.014

A Study of Model Disparities and Prompt Moderation Effects in Generative-AI Feedback on English Writing

Cui Ying Christian D.Schunn Liu Hang-song Yu Xiu-cheng

（Preparatory School for Chinese Students to Japan （The Training Center of Ministry of Studying Overseas）， Northeast Normal University，Changchun 13O024，China;Learning Research &Development Center，UniversityofPitsburgh， Pitsburgh 1526O，China；School of International Studies，Northeast Normal University，Changchun130024，China; School of International Studies，Northeast Normal University，Changchun 13OO24，China）

Automated feedback generatedbyArtificial Inteligence（AI），with itsadvantagesofimmediacy，personalization，andscalabilityhasapidlybecoeanimportantsupporttlinEnglishwritingistructionHoweer，prrsudiesinicateatil reliesonteachers’ professonal judgmentwhenaddressng depargumentativestructures orculturallyembeddedlanguagefeatures， andthatitsfedbackqualityishighlysensitivetopromptdesign.Againstthisbackground，thisstudyemployedanexperimental designto systematicallycompare majordomesticallydeveloped generativeAI（GenAI）tolsintermsof writing feedbackquality. Theresults revealed significant diferences among models in fedbackquantity，focal dimensions，andcognitive feedback commentfeatures，with DeepSek demonstratingthestrongestoverallperformance.Furtheranalyses showed that promptdesign exertedanindependentpredictiveefctonfedbackquality：task-specificcomprehensivepromptssubstantiallincreasedtheproportionofigher-ordercognitivefeedback．Nevertheless，nosignificantinteractionwasfoundbetweenAImodelandprompttype，indicating that promptsdidnotfunctionas moderators.Thesefindingsprovideimportant empiricalevidenceand practicalimplications for the design optimization and pedagogical integration of inteligent writing-support systems.

Key words：Generative Artificial Intelligence；automated feedback；Prompt; fedback quality；English writing

1引言

写作辅助工具（如ChatGPT、Grammarly、No-tionAI等）凭借生成式人工智能（GenAI）的快速迭代，所生成的写作反馈因其即时性、个性化与客观性，正逐渐成为英语写作教学的重要支持手段（Osawa 2024：881；Alsofyani，Barzanji 2025：431 ;冯正斌徐瑶2025）。（剩余12101字）