鲟鱼流水养殖系统微生物群落结构分析

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中图分类号：S917.1；Q938.8 文献标识码：A

Abstract：To investigate the structure and variations of microbial communities on the body surface of sturgeons and in the aquaculture environment across different seasons，and to provide insights for water quality management，disease prevention，and healthy aquaculture practices in flowing water sturgeon farming from the perspective of microbial ecological regulation，this study focused on a flowing water sturgeon farming system. The Ilmina Miseq high-throughput sequencing method was employed to analyze bacteria in water，sediment，and on the sturgeon body surface in different seasons. Based on the sequencing results， redundancy analysis （RDA） was used to examine the relationships between environmental factors and microbial communities in water and on the body surface. The findings revealed certain differences in microbial communities across seasons in water，sediment，and on the sturgeon body surface. The microbial communities structure of water and sediment were more similar，primarily composed of Moraxellaceae，Fusobacteriaceae，and Comamonadaceae. The dominant bacterial families on the body surface varied significantly across seasons： Comamonadaceae and Moraxellaceae （ 12.88% ）in winter， Oxalobacteraceae（ 14.66% ）and Moraxellaceae（11. 10% ）in spring，Oscillospiraceae（ 9.96% ）and Lachnospiraceae （9.69% ） in summer，and Enterobacteriaceae （ （11.34% ） and Moraxellaceae （ 8.48% ）in autumn. Additionally， potential pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonadaceae，Aeromonadaceae，and Enterobacteriaceae were present in the farming environment across all seasons， with their relative abundances showing distinct seasonal variations. RDA correlation analysis indicated that the main environmental factors influencing water microbial communities were pH ，total nitrogen（TN），temperature，and nitrate nitrogen. Concurrently，canonical correspondence analysis revealed that nitrate nitrogen and temperature also had significant efects on the microbial structure on the body surface，while five-day biochemical oxygen demand （ BOD5 ），total phosphorus（TP）， pH ，dissolved oxygen（DO），chemical oxygen demand （COD），nitrite nitrogen，and ammonia nitrogen showed some correlation with microbial community structure.

Key words： sturgeon； flowing water aquaculture； surface； sediment； water； microbial community struc-ture;annual variation

鲟鱼隶属于硬骨鱼纲（Osteichthyes）、鲟形目（Acipenseriformes）、鲟科（Acipenseridae）、鲟属（Aci-penser），是地球上现存最古老的鱼类之一，其鱼卵制成的鱼子酱享有“黑色黄金"的美誉[1-3」。（剩余16996字）