不同水氮模式对干热河谷番茄地土壤酶活性及产量的影响

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中图分类号：S365；S641.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-390X（2025）06-0159-09

Abstract： [Purpose] To explore the effects of different water and nitrogen patterns on soil nutrients， enzyme activities， and tomato yield in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley tomato fields， providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the eficient utilization of water and nitrogen resources in valley regions.[Methods] Using tomato cultivar ‘Labi’ as the research subject， a two-factor experiment was conducted with different irrigation levels （4 469.10， 3 098.70， and 2581.00m3/hm2 ， designated as W1. W2 ，and W3 ， respectively） and nitrogen application amount （O， 150， and 180kg/hm2 ， designated as N1 ， N2 ，and N3 ， respectively）. The effects of water and nitrogen patterns on soil nutrients [carbon （C）， nitrogen （N） ， and phosphorus （P）]，soil enzyme activities （cellulase，urease， acid phosphatase，and catalase）， and yield were analyzed. [Results] Under different water and nitrogen pattrns， significant differences were observed in soil C，N，and P contents; specifically， the soil nutrient contents were relatively higher at the N2 level. The interaction between water and nitrogen improved soil nutrients， thereby exerting a significant influence on soil enzyme activities and tomato yield. At the N2 level， soil enzyme activities （except for cellulase under W2Φ ）and tomato yield underall irrigation conditions reached peak values. The W2N2 treatment exhibited the highest soil enzyme activities （except for cellulase）， with tomato yield increasing by 6.78%92.45% compared to other treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that urease，soil organic carbon，available phosphorus， and total nitrogen were extremely significantly positively correlated with yield. [Conclusion] In the Yuanmou dry-hot vally region， the water-nitrogen combination with an irigation level of 3098.70m3/hm2 and a nitrogen application amount of 150kg/hm2 can synergistically improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities， and it is the optimal management strategy for achieving high tomato yield and enhancing soil fertility.

Keywords： water and nitrogen pattern; soil enzyme activity; soil nutrient; tomato; Yuanmou dry-hot valley

元谋干热河谷作为金沙江干热河谷的典型代表区，生态环境脆弱、土壤结构疏松、植被覆盖率低、水热矛盾突出，是中国典型的脆弱生态系统之一[1-2]。（剩余12914字）