血液透析病人肝素诱导血小板减少症护理管理的最证据总结

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Abstract Objective：To summarize the best evidence on the nursing management of heparin⁃induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients and to provide a reference basis for the nursing management of heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients for clinical healthcare professionals. Methods：Following the "6S" evidence retrieval model，a top⁃down hierarchical approach was adopted for evidence search. A combination of subject and free terms was used to perform a computerized search across various databases and websites for clinical decision⁃making，guidelines，expert consensus，evidence summaries，recommended practices，systematic reviews，and Meta ⁃ analyses related to heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients. The retrieval time was from the inception to September 20， 2024. Results：A total of 8 articles were included， including 2 clinical decisions， 5 guidelines， and 1 policy related textual evidence（expert consensus）， which were summarized to form 17 pieces of best evidence from 6 aspects： alertness to heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis occurrence， emergency management of heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia， anticoagulation program of heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia， catheter closure， heparin ⁃ induced thrombocytopenia recurrence prevention， and health education.

Conclusion： Clinical staff in nephrology（including blood purification centers） combine evidence ⁃ based evidence with specific clinical situations to develop individualized care plans for heparin⁃induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients，thereby effectively reducing the recurrence rate of heparin⁃induced thrombocytopenia in hemodialysis patients and the risk of patient death and improving the quality of care.

Keywords hemodialysis; heparin⁃induced thrombocytopenia; nursing management; evidence summary; evidence⁃based nursing摘要 目的：总结血液透析病人肝素诱导血小板减少症护理管理的最佳证据，为临床医护人员提供血液透析病人肝素诱导血小板减少症护理管理参考依据。（剩余11326字）