基于背包式激光雷达数据的单木骨架提取

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中图分类号：S771.8 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2026.01.011

Research on Single Tree Skeleton Extraction Based on Data Backpack LiDAR Scanning

Abstract：Single-treeskeletonextractionisacriticalstepin3D tree modeling，holding significant importanceforprecisionforestry forest resource management. Backpack LiDAR scanning（BLS），as an emerging mobile measurement technology，ers advantages inflexibility portability.However，itspoint clouddata suffers fromuneven distributionnoiseinterference，whichaffecttheaccuracyskeletonextraction.Toaddresstheseissues，thisstudyfocuses on Cunninghamia lanceolata in the State-owned Gaeng Forest Farm Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region proposesa hierarchical progresive skeleton extraction method based on key path detection using BLS data.This approach integrates geometric constraints hierarchicalanalysis to achieve precise localization branch axes，while employing perpendicular bisectorintersectioncalculations toconstructacontinuous topologicallcomplete single-tree skeleton. Terrestrial laser scanning（TLS）data wasused asvalidation data， preprocesing techniques such asvoxel filtering localelevation normalization are appliedto enhance BLS dataquality.The results indicate that the proposed method exhibited high performance in branch classification. F1 -scores ranged from O.771 to 0.788，with precision ranging from 93. 33% to 100% ， recall ranging from 66.67% to 90. 63%. Furthermore，the comparative analysis branch angle estimations based on BLS TLS data yields a coefficient determination （ R2 ） 0.84 a root mean square error （ RMSE ） 7.22∘ . This study provides a high-precision technical framework for single-tree 3D modeling，laying a data foundation for forest resource management ecological simulation.

Keywords： Skeleton extraction； branch hierarchy clasification;；hierarchical progressive algorithm；branching angle： backpack LiDAR scanning

0 引言

提取高精度单木骨架的工作是支撑林木三维结构重建、生物量估算及森林生态过程模拟的关键环节，也是激光雷达点云数据处理中的重要部分之一。（剩余14223字）