苜蓿花期调控研究进展及育种展望

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中图分类号：S551+.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2026）02-0377-15

Abstract： Alfalfa（Medicago satiua L.）is a globally important leguminous forage crop，widely cultivated and uti lized due to its high biomass yield，nutritional value，strong adaptability，and excellent palatability.Floweringtime is acritical stage in alfalfa growth cycle，directly afecting forage yield and quality.However，variations in environmental factorsand geneticcharacteristicsoftenlead tosignificant diferences infloweringtime，which in turnaffecting its production，cultivation，management，and harvesting eficiency. Inrecent years，significant progresses have been made in the field of molecular biology，revealing the regulatory mechanisms offlowering gene expression was influenced by photoperiod，temperature and hormones. However，in China，the research on alfalfa flowering time regulation remains insuficient，with challenges including weak basic research，outdated breeding techniques，and inconsistent flowering periods among cultivars.This review summarizes the recent advances in the regulation of alfalfa flowering time，explores the ecological factorsand genetic mechanisms influencing flowering，and proposes future optimization strategies for breeding and cultivation management.The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for high-yield， high-quality alfalfa breeding and sustainable utilization.

Key words：Alfalfa;Flowering time;Growth cycle;Flowering genes;Breeding

苜蓿（MedicagosatiuaL.）作为全球广泛种植的重要豆科牧草，因其高产、优质和固氮能力而备受关注。（剩余37484字）