明代顺天乡试主考官的群体构成

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Abstract：The Ming Dynasty's Shuntian Provincial Examination，owing to its metropolitan status，held significant prominence，and the composition of its chief examiner cohort profoundly reflected the interplay between the imperial examinations and politics.A systematic investigation of 143 chief examiners across 77 examination sessions from 1414 to 1642 reveals thatall membersof this group had Hanlinyuan backgrounds. Geographically，their origins were heavily concentrated in culturally prosperous southern regions suchas Jiangxi，Beizhili，and Zhejiang.Academically distinguished，nearly one- third held the prestigious jinshi rank with Yijia. With an average ageof approximately46.83years，they werein their prime and typically enjoyed distinguished official careers.The selection of this elite group wasnot only closelylinkedto the shiftingpower dynamics between northern and southern officials in the court but also，through their rolesas examination mastersand their literary preferences，significantly influenced the scholarly culture and intellectual trendsamong the literati in Beizhili.Analyzing the Shuntian chief examiner cohort provides a crucial perspective for understanding the operation of the provincial examination in the Ming capital and its broader sociocultural impact.

Keywords：Ming dynasty;Shuntian;Chiefexamineroftheprovincialexamination

明代科举体系中，乡试作为取得举人功名的关键环节，具有举足轻重的地位，民间素有“金举人，银进士"之谚。（剩余9858字）