基于模块化车辆的跨区域需求响应式公交动态调度优化研究

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中图分类号：U491.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-4026（2026）01-0077-11

开放科学（资源服务）标志码（OSID）

Cross-regional demand-responsive bus dynamic scheduling

optimization based on modular vehicles

ZHANG Ailin， JIA Shunping

（School of Trafic and Transportation， Beijing Jiaotong University， Beijing 100044， China）

Abstract：Toaddressthe issue of low load factorsassociaated with conventional demand-responsive buses with fixed capacity，thisstudyintroduces amodular vehicle systemand proposesacros-regional demand-responsive bus dynamic schedulingoptimization method basedonmodular vehicles.Anobjective functionisestablished tominimize traveland operational costs for passengersandenterprises，respectively.Theconcept of coupling stations isintroduced，anda dynamicfleet formationmodelconsideringcoupling stationsisdesigned，whichalows forfleetreorganizationand passengertransferacross tworoutes.Using theBig-Mmethod，themodelislinearizedintoamixed-integer linear programming（MILP）problem for solutions，and the model is validated throughacase study of two commuting routes fromJiukeshuto WangfujinginBeijing.Theexperimental resultsshowthatcomparedtotheintroductionof conventional demand-responsive buses withfixedcapacity，theintroductionof modular buses efectivelyincreases vehicle load factors， reduces operational costs for enterprises，and slightlyreduces passenger travel costs.This indicates thatthe introduction of modular bus systems in urban commuting scenarios can provide a more flexible andeficient operational model for passenger travel and enterprise operations.

Keywords：urban transportation；modular bus system；mixed-integer nonlinear programming；demand-responsive bus

需求响应式公交（demand-responsive transit，DRT）是一种灵活的公共交通模式，其特点是根据乘客的需求和出行路线实时调整公交服务。（剩余11701字）