固定公交与柔性公交模式选择研究

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中图分类号：U121 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-4026（2026）01-0053-11

开放科学（资源服务）标志码（OSID）

Fixed- and flexible-route transit mode selection

SUN Bingqi，ZHANG Yong*，QIN Feifei （School of Rail Transportation，Soochow University，Suzhou ，China）

Abstract：Selectingbetween fixed-routeand flexible-routebussystemsisacritical strategyfor improvingtheoperational eficiency of urban public transit.While most existing studies focus primarily on passenger demand，this study adopts a more comprehensive perspective by incorporating demand intensity，servicearea size，and block size.Based onthe cost structures of both fixed-andflexible-route systems，mathematical models aredeveloped todetermine theoptimal vehicle capacitiesanddeparture intervalsthatminimize total systemcosts.Closed-formsolutions fortheseoptimal valuesare derivedforboth transit modes.Inadition，thestudyidentifiestheconditionsunderwhicheach system ispreferable，and derives thresholdformulasfordemandintensityserviceareasize，andblock size.Researchdemonstratesthattheoperating costs offlexible bus systems（particularly pickup/drop-offcosts）and passenger walking costs in fixed-route systemsare pivotaldeterminantsintransit mode selection.Thesecostfactorsexhibitthreshold-dependentefects：onlywhentheir quantitativerelationshipmetsspecificconditionsdodemandintensity，serviceareascale，andblock sizesignificantly influencemodechoice.Numericalsimulationsvalidatetheproposed modeselectionmethodologybetweenflexibleandfixedroute bus systems.The findings provide actionable decision support for real-world transit plannng applications.

Keywords ： transit mode selection；fixed transit；flexible transit；demand intensity；service area size；block size

如何选择合适的公交运营模式，为城市提供高品质、可持续的出行服务，是各地政府、公交运营商和市民所关注的问题。（剩余14479字）