油菜绿肥还田时期对重庆奉节烟区土壤肥力及烤烟产质量的调控效应

打开文本图片集

Abstract：To explore the effects of different incorporation times of rapeseed green manure on soil fertility and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Chongqing tobacco-growing areas， and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing green manure returning technology，a field experiment was conducted in Fengjie， Chongqing，during 2023—2024. Five treatments were set： turning at the bolting stage（H1），full bloom stage （H2）， pod development and maturation stage（H3）， incorporation of rapeseed straw only after grain harvest （H4），and a fallow control （CK）. Soil nutrient dynamics，economic traits，chemical composition，harmony，and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were measured.The results showed that the H3 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and hydrolytic nitrogen content at the rosette and maturity stages of tobacco，increased available potassium by 5.57% to 48.83% ，while maintaining a stable soil pH. The H2 treatment achieved the highest economic benefit，with a yield value of 4，858.81 RMB per mu，representing an increase of 8.45% compared to CK. The H3 treatment demonstrated the best overall performance in chemical harmony and sensory quality for C3F and B2F grade tobacco leaves， with the nitrogen-to-alkaloid ratio，sugar-to-alkaloid ratio，and Schmuck value all within the appropriate ranges.In conclusion， incorporation at the pod development and maturation stage （H3） showed the best comprehensive performance in improving soil fertility， maintaining nutrient supply stability，and enhancing tobacco quality，making it the optimal fficient green manure returning period for Chongqing Fengjie tobacco-growing areas.

Key words： green manure returning period;soil fertility; tobacco quality; chemical harmony

土壤碳氮比是调控土壤微生物活动的关键环境因子，可通过影响微生物对有机质的分解速率，直接调控多种营养元素的有效性，进而影响烤烟对养分的吸收与利用，最终对烤烟产量和品质的形成起决定性作用[1]。（剩余6492字）