西南喀斯特典型农业流域水质污染特征和源解析

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关键词：水质污染；源解析；PMF模型；喀斯特农业流域；农业面源污染中图分类号：X52 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-2043（2026）01-0156-12 doi：10.11654/jaes.2025-0090

Waterqualitypolltioncharacteristicsand sourceapportionment ina typical karstagricultural watershedof southwest China

FANZhen¹，23，Chaopu3，YANXing3，HAHaojie1，23，QIUJie，2，WANRuigang4，LIYan5，XURulin，QCaiiong， HE Zhangmeng6， YAN Xiaoyuan1，3，7， XIA Yongqiu1，3.7* （1.StateKeyLboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture，IituteofSlSiene，ChineseAcademyofcienes，anjing5， China;2.UniversityofCineseAcadeyofSciences，Beijingo49，Chna;3.ChangshuNatioalAgroEcosytemObseratioad

ResearchStation，Suzhou555，China;4InstituteofEcoenvironmentalandSoilSiences，GuangdongAcademyofSciences， Guangzhou565，Cina;5.uiaoCetralTstigIteratioalCo，ajn），anj3O85，ina;6.Agriculturadal EnvironmentandEnergyTechnologyServiceCenter，Wenshan632O，China;7.UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences，ajing Nanjing 211135， China）

Abstract：Torevealthespatiotemporaldistributioncharacteristicsofwaterqualityanditsolutionsouces，thisstudyfocusdnthe Puzheheiwatersed，atypicalarstagiculturalwatershdinsouhwestCina.Basedon448surfacewatersamplescollctedbtwn2 and2023，muivaratestatisticalanalysisandtheositiveMatrixFactorzation（MF）modelwereemployedtosystematicallvegate thewatersedesultsevaltatTTndganicltatsdoateaterualitydegradationinteuzwatedih pronouncedspatiotemporalvariabilty.TandNO-Nconcentrationswereelevatedduringtherainyseasonprimarilyinfluencedby rainfall-drivenrunofTandN-Noncentratiosreigherduringthedrysason，linkedtolivestockfinganddomsticsewage discharge.CODandfecalcoliform（FC）concentrationspeakedduringthetourismseason，reflectingtheimpactoftourismactivitieson water quality.The PMF model revealed that the primary polution sources in the watershed were domestic sewage（ 35.3% ），followed by agricultural fertilization（28.6 % ），livestock farming（ 19.1% ），and tourism activities （ 17.0% ）.These sources demonstrated significant spatialeterogeisultsidcateatstregthngtorolndertilerlosproingtageetoftoc wastewater，andenhancingdomesticsewagetreatmentduring thetourismseasonaeessentialforlong-term watershed protection.

Keywords：wateualitylto;oueaportiont;odel;astgcluralatesd;gicluralosucti

随着人类活动的加剧，地表水污染问题日益突出，对人类健康和生态系统功能造成严重威胁1。（剩余17997字）