老年人跌倒的药物相关风险因素的范围综述

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中图分类号R969.3 文献标志码A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）07-0960-05

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.07.23

Scopingreview of medication-related risk factorsfor fallsinolderadults

QIN Liyu，LONG Xufeng，CAO Hongya，LIANG Keyuan，HUANG Mingmei， ZHANG Hongliang（Dept. of Pharmacy，the First Afiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University，Nanning 530021，China）

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETosystematicallyreviewmedication-relatedriskfactors forfalsinolderadults，toprovidereferences for ensurng medication safetyamong older adults.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，andCNKIforrelevantliterature publishedfromdatabase inception toNovember1，2025.Relevantstudiesonmedicationrelatedfallsinolderadults，bothdomesticandinternational，wereincluded.Dugfactorsinfluencingfalsinolderadultswere summarizedandanalyzed.RESULTSAtotalof22studies wereincluded.Fourmajorclassesoffal-risk-increasingdrugswere identified：psyhotropicmedications[12studies，odsratio（OR）range1.50-5.790]，cardiovascularsystemdrugs（5studies，OR range1.236-4.784），analgesics（3studies，ORrange1.500-4.490），andhypoglycemicagents（3studies，ORrange2.070-2.751）. Aditionally，anticholinergicburden（1 study，OR was 2.610）andpolypharmacy（7studies，ORrange2.902-25.897fortheuse of ⩾4 medications）wereidentifiedassignificantrisk factorsforfals.CONCLUSIONsFalls inolderadultsaresignificantly asociatedwith psychotropic medications，cardiovascularsystemdrugs，analgesics，and hypoglycemicagents，amongwhich psychotropicmedicationsposethehighestrisk.Anticholinergicburdenandpolypharmacyarealsoimportantriskfactors.Inclinical practice，interventiosshouldbeimplementedthroughdeprescribingandriskmonitoringtoefectivelyreducetheriskoffalsin older adults.

KEYWORDsolder adults；falls；risk factors；polypharmacy；scoping review

跌倒是全球老年人面临的重大公共卫生挑战，不仅会导致骨折、头部及脑部损伤等身体损害，还会引发老年人心理健康问题，甚至显著提升相关疾病的发病率和死亡率1。（剩余9110字）