面向波动性电源的PEM电解水制氢关键材料研究进展

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中图分类号：TK91；TM911.4 文献标志码：A

Advances in key materials for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis towards fluctuating power integration

SU Yadong'，KONG Fantai，YAO Xiudan，CHEN Haowen， SHEN Zhichao （1.ZhongyuanElectricalLaboratory，Xuchang461oo，China;2.Hefei InstitutesofPhysical Science，ChineseAcademyof Sciences，Hefei 230088， China）

Abstract： The large-scale integration of fluctuating renewable power， such as wind and solar， constitutes a core challenge for the green hydrogen economy within the framework of carbon neutrality， creating a critical need for electrolysis technologies that possess both dynamic response capability and long-term durability. The unique suitability of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for intermitent power sources is analyzed， and' its principal industrialization bottlenecks are critically examined. These include the high costs of noble metal catalysts with iridium loadings typically exceeding 1mg/cm2 ，and perfluorosulfonic acid membranes， with costs exceeding ，as well as the accelerated degradation mechanisms of materials under dynamic operating conditions. Recent research advances are reviewed， encompassng catalyst development through noble metal alloying， support engineering， and non-noble metal alternatives， alongside membrane improvements via composite modification and the development of non-fluorinated membranes.Current technological limitations are highlighted， specifically the insufficient stability of non-noble metal catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction and the performance gap observed in non-fluorinated membranes under dynamic conditions. To address the specific demands imposed by wind and solar power intermittency， strategic pathways are proposed. These include reducing catalyst loading below 0.3mg/cm2 through advanced interface engineering and stability-focused design， and achieving a reduction in membrane cost of over 50% via the development of non-fluorinated materials. This analysis provides a theoretical framework and strategic guidance for the development of low-cost，highly durable proton exchange membrane electrolysis technology adapted to volatile power sources.

Keywords： carbon neutrality; fluctuating wind and solar power; water electrolysis; catalyst; proton exchange membrane

为实现“碳中和”目标，作为清洁的二次能源载体，唯一不含碳的“零碳能源”—氢能，其规模化制备与应用已成为能源转型的核心路径[1]。（剩余12459字）