三组分体系温致变色材料的制备及其应用研究进展

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中图分类号：TS194.2；TB34 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2340（2025）03-0082-13

Abstract：Thermochromic materials，asasignificant classofsmart responsive materials，exhibit dynamicresponses to external temperature variations through reversible molecular structural changes. Investigating their chromic mechanisms and performance optimization isof great importance for expanding their practical applications in fieldssuchassmart displays，temperature sensors，andbuilding energy eficiency.This review summarizesrecent advances in three-componentthermochromic materials.The working mechanismof the synergisticcoloration system，composedofcolor formers，colordevelopers，andsolidsolvents，iselucidated.Emphasisisplacedonanalyzingtheregulatoryeffectsof molecular structures ofcolor formers，electron transfercharacteristicsofcolor developers，and phase transition behaviorsof solid solventsonthematerials’coloration temperature，response speed，andstability.Toaddress theenvironmental stability limitationsof existing materials，the advantagesand disadvantages of microencapsulation techniques， suchasinterfacial polymerizationandin-situpolymerization，arecomprehensivelycompared.Intermsofpplications， innovative practices insmartbuildings，dynamicanti-counterfeiting，and functional textilesarehighlighted.Finally， current research shortcomings，including precise regulation within narow temperatureranges and multi-responsive design，are identified.Future eforts should focus on developing molecular enginering optimization strategies，photothermalsynergisticresponsivesystems，andenvironmentallfriendlypreparation processes toprovide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for performance breakthroughs and application expansion of smart materials.

Key words： thermochromic materials;smart responsive materials; ternary component system; reversible color change; microcapsules; camouflage

温致变色材料作为智能响应材料的重要分支，能够通过可逆的颜色变化响应外界温度刺激，近年来在智能显示、温度传感器、建筑节能等领域展现出显著的应用价值。（剩余25357字）