玉米酒糟衍生硬碳：一种可持续的高倍率、长寿命钠离子电池负极材料

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中图分类号：0643 doi：10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100199

Corn-distillers-derived hard carbon： a sustainable high-rate， long-life anode for sodium-ion batteries

Xue Zhang1，Zihan He’，Yingqi Wu1，Weilai Yu2，* ，Tao Liu1，*

1 Laboratory Solar Fuel， Faculty Materials Science ， China Geosciences， Wuhan ， Hubei Proivince， China.

² Engineing ， ， ON， M5S3E5， .

Abstract：Hard carbon （HC） derived from corn-distilers is a sustainable，affordable anode cidate for sodium-ion bateries （SIBs），yet its practical deployment has been limited by insufficient reversible capacity. Here we report a temperature-gradient treatment that precisely tailors interlayer spacing， porosity， graphitization in corn-distillers-derived hard carbon，unlocking exceptional electrochemical performance. The optimized material exhibits an interlayer spacing 0.378nm a dominant pore size 1.68nm It demonstrates outsting high-rate behavior， achieving 289 198mAhg-1 at 1.0 2.0Ag-1 ，respectively. Additionally， it retains 83% its capacity after 700 cycles at 2.0Ag-1 . Integrating in situ ΔX -ray diffraction with exsitu Raman spectroscopy demonstrates a unique sodium-storage mechanism characterized by both “adsorption-intercalation pore-filing". This approach helps elucidate the rapid kinetics long-lasting performance. These results demonstrate that controlled structural tactics biomass-derived HC can achieve the desired capacity，ratecapability， longevity required for practical SIB anodes—bringing an abundant， waste-derived feedstock dramatically closer to commercialization.

Key Words： Corn distillers; Hard carbon; Ex situ Raman; In situ XRD; Rate performance

1引言

日益加剧的全球气候危机促使能源结构向低碳模式转变[1-3]，从而推动锂离子电池（LIBs）成为电动交通和电网级可再生能源整合的关键储能技术[4-7]。（剩余20499字）