蜂糖李优系一点红的选育及栽培技术要点

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中图分类号：S662.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002－2910（2026）01－0072-04

Abstract：To address the problems of chaotic cultivation populations and poor quality consistency of Fengtang plum，and to select higher-quality strains，Anshun Academyof Agricultural Sciences screened an elite individual plant named Yidianhong from local Fengtang plums in Liuma Town，Zhenning County，Guizhou Province.After top-grafting propagation， multi-location regional trials，and production tests，it passed the on-site expert identification in 2022.Grafted on peach rootstocks，this strain exhibits strong vigor in the juvenile stage，mainly bearing fruits on l-year-old short fruiting branches and spur-type fruiting branches.It has strong self-fruitfulness，with a yield of 826.5kg per 666.7m2 in the full fruiting period. The fruits are round with a blush on the skin，an average single fruit weight of 52.9g ，paleyellow flesh，freestone and crisp texture，soluble solids content of 18.6% ，and fruit firmness of 8.96kg/cm2 .It is storable and transportable with a rich flavor，showing better quality than ordinary Fengtang plums.With wide adaptability and strong drought resistance，it is suitable for planting in sandy loam or loam soil witha pHof 5.5～7.5 ，and is less susceptible to diseases and insect pests.High-quality and high-yield production can be achieved through shaping into a natural open-center form，combined with scientific fertilizer and water management，flower and fruit retention，and green prevention and control of diseases and pests.

Key words：Fengtang plum； Yidianhong;selection and breeding；variety characteristics; cultivation techniques

李（PrunussalicinaLindl.）为蔷薇科李亚科李属植物，是全球分布和栽培最广泛的果树之一[1]，在中国有数千年的栽培历史，是贵州省确立重点发展的果树产业之一，“十三五”以来，贵州省李种植面积快速增长，截至2024年底，贵州省李种植面积约15.87万 hm2 （238万亩），其中蜂糖李面积约5.33万 hm2 （80万亩），以蜂糖李为代表的李产业已成为农民增收致富的支柱产业。（剩余4016字）