一石激起千层浪:敦煌写本真伪之争与 20 世纪初期的法国汉学

中图分类号：G256.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2026）02-0139-09

A Single Stone Raises a Thousand Ripples

—French Sinology and the Debate on the Authenticity of the Dunhuang Documents in the Early 20th Century

XIE Zeying

（Institute of Historical Theory， Chinese Academy of Social Science， Beijing ）

Abstract： In 1910 and 1911， soon after the Dunhuang documents first arrived in France， a debate on the authenticity of the manuscripts broke out among French academia due to the slow progress of collation and lack of public inquiry access. After exploring the behavioral motivation of the main participants in the debate， the author has found that the freelance writer Jean Ajalbert（阿加拉贝尔， to be confirmed） was the first to question the value of the Dunhuang manuscripts， in order to add credence to the accusation that the French School of the Far East（École française d'Extrême-Orient） was “not doing its proper job.” Fernand Farjenel（法捷内尔 to be confirmed） later joined in the debate in the name of “defending the dignity of science，” posing a challenge to the contemporary order of Sinology. The fact that Sinologist Paul Pelliot was able to obtain a teaching appointment in the College of France（Collège de France） even under the pressure of strong public opinion proves that despite the controversy， his a-

cademic circle still commanded strong influence at the time. After nearly a hundred years of the development of Sinology in France， the dispute over the authenticity of the Dunhuang documents can be seen as a reflection of the foundations on which Sinology proceeded to develop， as well as the wider crises in the beginning of the 20th century.

Keywords： Dunhuang manuscripts; French Sinology; Paul Pelliot

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

引言

伯希和（Paul Pelliot，1878—1945）1906至1908年间的西域探险收获了不计其数的珍宝，包括大量敦煌写本。（剩余9569字）