近水面空中爆炸冲击波的载荷特性

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中图分类号：0382.1 国标学科代码：13035 文献标志码：A

Abstract： Blasts near the water surface areone ofthe major threats to ships.Experiments were caried outto studythe load characteristicsofthe shock wave on the water surface with TNT/RDX（40/60） explosives.Three typical scaledburst heights wereused：contactbust，ea-suaceblastndirblastIntexperimentsovepressuresinindwaterweretaed，and high-speed photographic was used to record the explosion images. A numerical simulation method based on a five-equation model was used to study further the explosion phenomenonand theloading characteristicofshock waves onthe watersurface. The numerical simulationresultsareingood agreement withthe experimentalresults.Theresultsshow significant differences among ontactbursts，near-surface blasts，andairblasts.Inthecontactburst，thedetonation products drivethe watersurface directly，creatingahemisphericalcavityandthewaterattheedgeofthecavityisqueezedupwards，formingahollowater column.Inthenear-surfaceblast，thecolisionofthedetonationproductswiththewatersurfaceisrelativelyweak，andthe shock waveonthe water surface mainly propagates outwards as Mach waves along the water surface.Inthe air blast，there are clearregularand iregularreflection Zonesoftheshock waveonthewater surface.Under thesameyieldconditions，the overpresureonthewatersurfaceofthecontactburstislowerthanthatofthenear-surfaceblast，but thepressureinthe water is more stressful.Therefore，the water surface canno longer be considered arigid plane.The formulas of overpressure and positive pressure duration of shock wave on the water surface within the range of 0.5～4.0mkg1/3 in the contact burst and the near-surface blast were obtained through data fiting， which provides a reference for shock wave loading calculation and analysis.

Keywords：air blast; near-surface; contact surface;underwater explosion; shock wave

靠近水面的空中爆炸是水面舰船、港口和水坝[等基础设施在作战中经常遇到的爆炸场景，冲击波通过空气和水传播后与结构物发生相互作用，可能造成严重的破坏。（剩余9540字）