刑事职业禁止十年回顾与制度完善

——以刑法第三十七条之一司法适用为视角

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中图分类号：D924 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-1101（2025）06-0048-08

Criminal Occupational Prohibition System： A Decade of Review and Improvement From the Perspective of the Judicial Application of Article 37-1 of the Criminal Law PENG Fenglian，LI Xu

（1.Law Schol，AnqingNoal Uversity，Anqing，Anhui46o，China;2.Lawchool，AnuiNoal UnversityWuh， Anhui241000，China）

Abstract： Since its establishment in the Criminal Law Amendment （IX） in 2015，the criminal occupational prohibition system has played a significant role in preventing recidivism and maintaining public security by restricting the professional qualifications of offenders with occupational associations.However，empirical analysis shows that this system has significant problems in judicial practice： First， the ambiguity of legislation leads to confusion in the starting time of career prohibition for probationary offenders and rigidity in the determination of the term. Some judgments exced the scope stipulated by criminal law，resulting in the phenomenon of“judgments beyond thelaw".Second， there is alack of judicial discretion， which is manifested in judges' inconsistent standards for determining the scope of“related occupations”，non-standard language used in judicial documents，and incorrect citation of legal provisions， exacerbating the judicial injusticeof diferent judgments in the same case.Further research reveals that the core causes of the operational predicament ofthe systemare the judicial personnel's divergence in understanding of the phrase“in accordance with its provisions"in Article 37-1of the Criminal Lawand the lack of theconcept of coordination between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. In this regard， improvements can be made through both legislative and judicial approaches： at the legislative level， it is necessary to fill the application gap for probation offenders and others，and adjust the period range of prohibition.At the judicial level， there should be unified standards for judgment， strengthened case guidance， precise basis for judgment and innovative working mechanisms.

Key Words： Criminal occupational prohibition; Article 37-1 of the Criminal Law;case studies； system improvement

刑事职业禁止制度自2015年《刑法修正案（九）》增设第三十七条之一以来，作为一项兼具惩罚与预防功能的非刑罚处罚措施，在遏制职业关联性犯罪、维护社会公共利益方面发挥了重要作用。（剩余10382字）